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The Science Behind Our Academics

We don't guess about what works. Every feature of ISP is grounded in decades of peer-reviewed research from cognitive psychology and learning science.

Standard Deviations

The 2 Sigma Problem: Benjamin Bloom (1984) found that students receiving 1:1 tutoring with mastery-based learning perform 2 standard deviations better than traditional classroom instruction.

An average student becoming a top 2% student. ISP is built to deliver this at scale.

Cognitive Load Theory

Your brain's limited workspace

~4
items in working memory

Working memory can only hold about 4 items at once. When instruction overloads this, learning stops. Traditional school's 6-hour days exhaust cognitive resources by hour 3.

John Sweller (1988)
🎯

Mastery Learning

Don't move on until you've got it

Bloom's 2 Sigma effect

Benjamin Bloom found that 1:1 tutoring with mastery-based learning moves average students to the 98th percentile—a 2 standard deviation improvement.

Benjamin Bloom (1984)
🧠

Retrieval Practice

Testing IS learning

67%
vs 40% re-reading

Testing isn't just measurement—it's one of the most powerful learning tools. Students who practice retrieval remember 67% after a week vs 40% for re-reading.

Roediger & Karpicke (2006)
📅

Spaced Practice

Spread it out, remember forever

2-3x
better retention

Cramming works for tomorrow. Spacing works for life. Studies show 2-3x better long-term retention when learning is distributed over time.

Ebbinghaus, Cepeda (1885, 2006)
📝

Worked Examples

Show before asking to do

For novices, watching step-by-step solutions is more effective than problem-solving. It reduces cognitive load and provides mental models to follow.

Sweller & Cooper (1985)
🔀

Interleaving

Mix it up to learn it deeper

77%
vs 38% blocked

Blocked practice (one type at a time) feels effective but fails. Interleaved practice doubled test scores in one study: 77% vs 38%.

Doug Rohrer (2007)
🏋️

Deliberate Practice

Focused effort on weaknesses

Practice doesn't make perfect—practice makes permanent. Deliberate practice targets specific weaknesses with immediate feedback and clear goals.

K. Anders Ericsson (1993)
💪

Desirable Difficulties

Hard now = easy later

Learning that feels easy often doesn't last. Strategies that slow initial learning—like spacing and interleaving—produce stronger long-term retention.

Robert Bjork (1994)
⚙️

Automaticity

Fast basics free up brainpower

When foundational skills become automatic, working memory is freed for higher-order thinking. Students who struggle with basic facts can't focus on complex problems.

Logan, Schneider (1988, 1985)
🎬

Multimedia Learning

Words + pictures, done right

Dual coding—words and visuals together—enhances learning. But redundancy (reading slides while hearing the same words) hurts it.

Richard Mayer (2009)
📚

Direct Instruction

Explicit beats discovery for novices

For beginners, clear explanations outperform open-ended exploration. Direct instruction has one of the largest effect sizes in education research.

Engelmann, Rosenshine (1960s-2012)

Feedback

Immediate, specific, actionable

A letter grade tells you where you stand, not how to improve. Effective feedback answers: Where am I going? How am I doing? What's next?

Black, Wiliam, Hattie (1998, 2007)
🔬

Webb's Depth of Knowledge

Depth of thinking, not just difficulty

DOK measures cognitive complexity, not just hardness. Level 4 (extended thinking) requires applying knowledge to new situations—like teaching others.

Norman Webb (1997)

The Researchers Behind This

We didn't invent these principles. These scientists did—through decades of rigorous research.

Benjamin Bloom
Mastery Learning, 2-Sigma Problem
1968, 1984
John Sweller
Cognitive Load Theory
1988
Richard Mayer
Multimedia Learning Principles
2009
Robert Bjork
Desirable Difficulties
1994
Henry Roediger
Testing Effect / Retrieval Practice
2006
K. Anders Ericsson
Deliberate Practice
1993
Norman Webb
Depth of Knowledge (DOK)
1997
Barak Rosenshine
Principles of Instruction
2012
Siegfried Engelmann
Direct Instruction
1960s

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